英文基本五大句型：

1.主詞＋不及物動詞

說明：動詞本身就可表達完整的意念，不需受詞及補語，但可用副詞修飾

句型：S+Vi+(Adv.)

例句：He always smiles.

2.主詞＋不及物動詞＋主詞補語

說明：動詞本身不能表達完整的意義，需要主詞補語

句型：S+Vi+SC

例句：The soup tastes delicious.

3.主詞＋及物動詞＋受詞

說明：動詞本身需要一個受詞，即可句意完整

句型：S+Vt+O

例句：I like taking pictures of birds and insects.

4.主詞＋及物動詞＋間接受詞（人）＋直接受詞（事物）

說明：動詞本身需要兩個受，句意才能完整

句型：S+Vt+IO+DO

例句：She told her children an interesting story.

5.主詞＋及物動詞＋受詞＋受詞補語

說明：動詞本身除了一個受詞之外，還需要一個受詞補語，句意才能完整

句型：S+Vt+O+OC

例句：I found the room empty.
子句是由一個含主詞與述詞的字群所組成
能表達完整意思的稱為句子
需要附屬連接詞來引導的則稱為附屬子句
分為名詞子句，形容詞子句和副詞子句三種

1)名詞子句：在句子中的地位視為名詞
A)當主詞 e.g. [That Tom became half paralyzed] was told to his family.
B)當受詞 e.g. I do not know [what happened.]
C)做動詞補語 e.g. The fact is [that he was suspended from school because of his frequent absence.]
D)當虛主詞 it 的實受詞 It is important [that we have to concentrate in class.]
E)放在介係詞之後 He made a list of [what he planned to buy.]

形容詞子句：在句子中的功能相當於形容詞，由一個關係詞所引導的句子
A)由關係代名詞(who, which, that, whom)所引導的句子
B)由關係形容詞(whose, which)所引導的句子
C)由關係副詞(why, when, where)所引導的句子

副詞子句：在句子中的功能相當於副詞，用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞的附屬子句
A) I was late [because I missed the bus.]→用來形容形容詞 late
B) He talks [as if he were a wiser.]→用來形容動詞 talk