英文文法基本五大句型

4 月 20, 2018 | | 0 條留言

英文基本五大句型:

1.主詞+不及物動詞

說明:動詞本身就可表達完整的意念,不需受詞及補語,但可用副詞修飾

句型:S+Vi+(Adv.)

例句:He always smiles.

2.主詞+不及物動詞+主詞補語

說明:動詞本身不能表達完整的意義,需要主詞補語

句型:S+Vi+SC

例句:The soup tastes delicious.

3.主詞+及物動詞+受詞

說明:動詞本身需要一個受詞,即可句意完整

句型:S+Vt+O

例句:I like taking pictures of birds and insects.

4.主詞+及物動詞+間接受詞(人)+直接受詞(事物)

說明:動詞本身需要兩個受,句意才能完整

句型:S+Vt+IO+DO

例句:She told her children an interesting story.

5.主詞+及物動詞+受詞+受詞補語

說明:動詞本身除了一個受詞之外,還需要一個受詞補語,句意才能完整

句型:S+Vt+O+OC

例句:I found the room empty.
子句是由一個含主詞與述詞的字群所組成
能表達完整意思的稱為句子
需要附屬連接詞來引導的則稱為附屬子句
分為名詞子句,形容詞子句和副詞子句三種

1)名詞子句:在句子中的地位視為名詞
A)當主詞 e.g. [That Tom became half paralyzed] was told to his family.
B)當受詞 e.g. I do not know [what happened.]
C)做動詞補語 e.g. The fact is [that he was suspended from school because of his frequent absence.]
D)當虛主詞 it 的實受詞 It is important [that we have to concentrate in class.]
E)放在介係詞之後 He made a list of [what he planned to buy.]

形容詞子句:在句子中的功能相當於形容詞,由一個關係詞所引導的句子
A)由關係代名詞(who, which, that, whom)所引導的句子
B)由關係形容詞(whose, which)所引導的句子
C)由關係副詞(why, when, where)所引導的句子

副詞子句:在句子中的功能相當於副詞,用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞的附屬子句
A) I was late [because I missed the bus.]→用來形容形容詞 late
B) He talks [as if he were a wiser.]→用來形容動詞 talk